Monday, February 4, 2013

REAL SEX IN MAINSTREAM MOVIES: Caroline Ducey in "Romance", by director Catherine Breillat

 

 



 

Caroline Ducey
Born1977
Paris, France
OccupationActress
Years active1994-present

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Caroline Ducey (born Caroline Trousselard in 1977, Paris) is a French actress, who appeared in 34 films since 1994.
Outside of her home country, she is best known for her controversial role in Catherine Breillat's 1999 film Romance, a role for which she was awarded the 2000 Étoile d’or de la révélation féminine (Gold Star) by l’Académie de la presse du cinéma français. Ducey was nominated for the Prix Michel Simon film prize for Best Actress in Familles je vous hais (1997).

Filmography

Television

  • "Tous les garçons et les filles de leur âge..." episode - Bonheur (1994)
  • L'Inventaire (1998)
  • L'Amour prisonnier (2000)
  • Petit Ben (2000)
  • Reporters (2007)
  • "Les Bleus: premiers pas dans la police" episode - Faux semblants (2007)

External links

About

Caroline Ducey (born Caroline Trousselard in 1977, Paris) is a French actress, who appeared in 34 films since 1994.
Biography
Unconventional beauty Caroline Ducey was little known beyond her native France before her starring role in Catherine Breillat's ultra-explicit exploration of eroticism and femininity Romance (1999).

Born Caroline Trousselard and raised in southern France, Ducey became an actress at age 11 with a series of local theater roles, then studied drama at the Marseilles Conservatory. While still in her t...eens, Ducey made her film debut in the award-winning Trop de Bonheur (1994). Though she moved to Paris to study literature at the university, Ducey continued to act, earning roles on French TV and in the films Famille Je Vous Hais (1997) and Innocent (1998). But when Breillat cast her in Romance over 200 other hopefuls, she revealed herself to be an actress of remarkable bravery as well as skill. As the masochistic Marie, Ducey overcame her initial fears about the script, and her discomfort about acting with Italian porn star Rocco Siffredi, to give a performance praised for its honesty and daring, even by those critics less than taken with Breillat's stripped-down visual stylization and overwrought view of female sexuality. Touted as the most explicit non-porn film ever, Romance drew attention at several international film festivals, garnered a U.S. release, and became a box-office success in France, cementing Ducey's status as an actress on the rise. Ducey's next film, the period drama La Chambre Obscure (1999), once again dealt with the fallout of sexual rejection.

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Description
Filmography

Trop de bonheur (1994) aka Too Much Happiness
Noël! Noël! (1995)
Familles je vous hais (1997)
... Romance (1999)
Innocent (1999)
Le Trèfle à quatre feuilles (2000)
Porte-bonheur (2000)
La Chambre obscure (2000)
Entre deux rails (2001)
Carrément à l'Ouest (2001)
La Cage (2002) aka The Cage
Prendimi l'anima (2002) aka The Soul Keeper
Shimkent hôtel (2003)
Ballo a tre passi (2003) aka Three-Step Dance
Amateur (2004)
Croisière (2004)
Handicap (2004)
Doo Wop (2004)
Les Étrangers (2004)
Naissance de l'orgueil (2005)
J'ai besoin d'air (2005)
Convivium (2005)
J'ai rêvé sous l'eau (2005) aka I Dreamt Under Water
La Californie (2006)
Une vieille maîtresse (2007) aka The Last Mistress
J'ai rêvé sous l'eau (2008) aka I Dreamt Under the Water
Le Plaisir de chanter (2008)
Just Ines (2010)

Television

"Tous les garçons et les filles de leur âge..." episode - Bonheur (1994)
L'Inventaire (1998)
L'Amour prisonnier (2000)
Petit Ben (2000)
Reporters (2007)
"Les Bleus: premiers pas dans la police" episode - Faux semblants (2007)

Romance (1999 film)



 

Romance

Romance DVD cover
Directed byCatherine Breillat
Produced byJean-François Lepetit
Written byCatherine Breillat
StarringCaroline Ducey
Rocco Siffredi
François Berléand
Music byRaphaël Tidas
DJ Valentin
CinematographyYorgos Arvanitis
Distributed byTrimark Pictures Inc.
Release date(s)September 17, 1999
Running time99 mins. (93 mins.)(84 mins.)
CountryFrance
LanguageFrench
Romance (Romance X) is a 1999 French art house movie written and directed by Catherine Breillat. It stars Caroline Ducey, pornographic actor Rocco Siffredi, Sagamore Stévenin and François Berléand. The film features explicit copulation scenes,[1] especially one showing Caroline Ducey's coitus with Rocco Siffredi. Romance inspired the trend of some arthouse films featuring explicit, unsimulated sex, such as All About Anna, Shortbus, The Brown Bunny, and 9 Songs.

 

Plot synopsis

When Marie's boyfriend Paul refuses to have sex with her, she is forced to search for intimacy beyond the bounds of traditional sexual limitations, a journey that proves to be both fulfilling and empowering.

Broadcasting and ratings

In Europe, Romance was shown in mainstream cinemas; in the U.S., it was reduced to a mainstream-acceptable R-rating, and the European original version is un-rated. In March 2004, the original version was broadcast, late-night on German public television. In Australia, the original version of Romance was broadcast uncut on the cable television network World Movies.[citation needed] The film was initially refused classification in Australia, before it was awarded an R18+ on appeal.[2] It single-handedly paved the way for actual sex to be accommodated in the R18+ classification in Australia.[2] In Canada, particularly in Alberta and the Maritimes, the sexuality was seen as gratuitous to the film and it was given an A rating and XXX rating in those regions.[3][4] In June 2008, in the Netherlands, the original version of Romance was broadcast on Dutch public TV, by VPRO, as one of a series of Erotica art house cinema.[citation needed]

See also

References

  1. ^ Anne Gillain, "Profile of a Filmmaker: Catherine Breillat" Beyond French Feminisms: debates on women, Politics and Culture in France, 1981 – 2001, edited by Roger Célestin et al. New York: Macmillan (2003): 202. Catherine Breillat's "film Romance had received much praise—and criticism—the previous year for using a porn-film actor and a scene showing a nonsimulated sexual act, including a shot of an erection in the foreground."
  2. ^ a b "Romance (1999)". Refused-Classification.com. http://refused-classification.com/censorship/films/romance-1999.html. Retrieved December 9, 2011.
  3. ^ Film classification listing for Romance at Alberta Film Ratings
  4. ^ Film classification listing for Romance at Maritime Film Classification Board (Rating is listed at bottom)

External links



Unsimulated sex



From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

(Redirected from Unsimulated sex in film)

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Unsimulated sex refers to the presentation in a film of sex scenes where the actors engage in an actual sex act, and are not just miming the general motions. At one time such scenes were restricted by law and self-imposed industry standards such as the Motion Picture Production Code.[1] Films showing explicit sexual activity were confined to privately distributed underground films, such as stag films[2] or "porn loops". Beginning in the late 1960s, mainstream cinemas began pushing boundaries in terms of what was allowed on screen.[2] Although the vast majority of sexual situations depicted in mainstream cinema are simulated (in early pornography, the main actors engaged in simulated sex, with inserts placed in the film), on rare occasions actors engage in real sex.[3] The difference between these films and pornography is that, while such scenes might be considered erotic, the intent of these films is not solely pornographic.[4]
Notable examples include two of the eight Bedside-films and the six Zodiac-films from the 1970s, all of which were produced in Denmark and had many pornographic sex scenes, but were nevertheless considered mainstream films (they all had mainstream casts and crews, and premiered in mainstream cinemas).[5] The last of these films, Agent 69 Jensen i Skyttens tegn, was made in 1978. From the end of the 1970s until the late 1990s it was rare to see hardcore scenes in mainstream cinema, but this changed with the success of Lars von Trier's Idioterne (1998), which heralded a wave of art-house films with explicit content,[6][7][8] such as Romance (1999), Baise-Moi (2000), Intimacy (2001), Vincent Gallo's The Brown Bunny (2003), and Michael Winterbottom's 9 Songs (2004).

 

 

Films with non-simulated sexual activity

The following mainstream films have scenes with verified real sexual activity, meaning actors or actresses are filmed engaging in actual coitus or performing related sexual acts such as fellatio and cunnilingus. Some simulated sex scenes are so realistic that critics mistakenly believe that they are real, such as the cunnilingus scene in the 2006 film Red Road.[9]
TitleYearNotesLanguage
They Call Us Misfits (Dom kallar oss mods)[10]1967Swedish documentary film, the first of a trilogy.Swedish
Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song1971Director/actor Melvin Van Peebles appears in several real sex scenes. His son, Mario, performed in a simulated sex scene. Van Peebles contracted a sexually transmitted disease while filming and successfully filed for worker's compensation. While the sex scenes may have been explicit and the actor maintains that they were real, nothing is shown onscreen that could not have been faked. Nonetheless, after Peebles came up with the winning ad slogan "rated X by an all-white jury" the film's rating was reduced to R in 1974.[11]English
W.R.: Mysteries of the Organism1971Director Dušan Makavejev explores the relationship between communist politics and sexuality, as well as exploring the life and work of Wilhelm Reich. Contains scenes of both various simulated sex acts and non-simulated manual stimulation of a penis.[12]Serbo-Croatian
and English
Pink Flamingos1972Divine performs oral sex with a male actor.[13]English
I Jomfruens tegn1973First film in the Danish Zodiac-series of mainstream-comedies with hardcore scenes.[14]Danish
I Tyrens tegn1974Second film in the Danish Zodiac-series of mainstream-comedies with hardcore scenes.[14]Danish
I Tvillingernes tegn1975Third film in the Danish Zodiac-series of mainstream-comedies with hardcore scenes.[14]Danish
Der må være en sengekant1975Sixth film in the Danish Bedside-series of erotic mainstream-comedies, and one of the two to have hardcore scenes.[14]Danish
Sømænd på sengekanten1976Eighth and final film in the Danish Bedside-series of erotic mainstream-comedies, and one of the two to have hardcore scenes, including extensive clips from the short Color Climax #1283: Mail Order Sex (1973), watched on 8mm by the ship's crew.[14]Danish
Une vraie jeune fille (English title: A Real Young Girl or A Real Young Lady)1976female masturbation, close-up of male and female genitalia (including a man masturbating to ejaculation) and urination scenes[15]French
I Løvens tegn1976Fourth film in the Danish Zodiac-series of mainstream-comedies with hardcore scenes.[14]Danish
愛のコリーダ (In the Realm of the Senses)1976Based on a true story of a Japanese prostitute, features fellatio and other non-simulated sexual acts.[16][17]Japanese
Agent 69 Jensen i Skorpionens tegn1977Fifth film in the Danish Zodiac-series of mainstream-comedies with hardcore scenes.[14]Danish
Agent 69 Jensen i Skyttens tegn1978Sixth and final film in the Danish Zodiac-series of mainstream-comedies with hardcore scenes.[14]Danish
Caligula1979Uncut version of this film includes several authentic sex scenes, including penetration, fellatio and ejaculation during the six minutes worth of inserts shot by the film's producer, Bob Guccione. The sex shot by Tinto Brass in the rest of the movie, although very explicit, was simulated.[18]English
Cruising1980Director William Friedkin spliced in single frames of gay anal intercourse during at least one scene, the first murder. The frames are barely detectable at normal speed but are visible when freeze-framed. Partially obscured sex acts, including fellatio and fisting, are observable being performed by extras in scenes set in gay leather bars. The film originally contained an additional 40 minutes of footage that Friedkin describes as "[a]bsolutely graphic sexuality....that material showed the most graphic homosexuality with Pacino watching, and with the intimation that he may have been participating."[19] Friedkin sought to restore the missing footage for the DVD release but it has been lost. He believes it has been destroyed.[20][21]English
Devil in the Flesh1986Features a short scene of fellatio, during which the man tells the woman about Lenin's return to St. Petersburg in 1917.[22][23]Italian
La Vie de Jésus (The Life of Jesus)1997"In Life of Jesus, Dumont included extreme close-ups of penetration to emphasize the animal nature of the sex act"[24]French
The Idiots1998The film by Lars von Trier features penetration and group sex.[25]Danish
Romance1999Directed by Catherine Breillat, features male and female masturbation, fellatio, penetration, ejaculation, and sadomasochistic bondage.[26]French
Pola X1999"Pola X ... acquired international notoriety for unsimulated sex scenes between the characters played by Guillaume Depardieu and Yekaterina Golubeva, though body doubles were reportedly used for the more graphic shots."[27]French
Baise-moi2000Several actual sex scenes, including penetration and fellatio, involving Karen Lancaume and Raffaëla Anderson.[28]French
Intimacy2001Fellatio scene between actress Kerry Fox and Mark Rylance.[28] It is often falsely stated that actual coitus is performed between the two leads, but this rumor was dispelled by Fox's then-boyfriend, Alexander Linklater, who wrote an article for The Guardian about the making of the film.[29]English
Ken Park2002The film was banned in Australia, as the Office of Film and Literature Classification said it contained scenes of "child sexual abuse, actual sex by people depicted as minors and sexualised violence". Cunnilingus, auto-erotic asphyxiation, urination, and group sex acts involving characters that are supposed to be teens are shown explicitly, but the sex is simulated with the exception of one scene showing a young man masturbating. All actors were actually over 18.[30]English
The Brown Bunny2003This film by Vincent Gallo features a scene where Chloë Sevigny performs actual fellatio on Gallo.[31]English
Anatomie de l'enfer (Anatomy of Hell)2004By director Catherine Breillat, it features "actual sex, high-level sex scenes and high-level themes" according to the Australian Classification Review Board.[32]French
9 Songs2004Several non-simulated sex scenes between actress Margo Stilley and actor Kieran O'Brien, including protected penetration, fellatio, cunnilingus and an on-screen ejaculation by the lead actor.[28]English
The Raspberry Reich2004The picture is full of non-simulated heterosexual and homosexual (mostly homosexual) sex from beginning to end. There is onscreen heterosexual intercourse as well as gay oral and anal sex. The opening sequence in particular features an extended montage of sexual activity.[33]English
All About Anna2005The film-makers, Innocent Pictures, said that "Without the sex scenes, the film’s drama would fall apart. This was a particular challenge to the film’s cast, who had to cope with the traditional social and human traumas associated with having real sex in front of a camera. Fortunately the film’s actors and actresses managed to extend their dramatic performances way beyond the norm and truly managed to push the envelope, achieving new means of dramatic expression. The sex scenes were carefully planned and rehearsed prior to shooting, allowing the actors to stay in character through every embrace and caress."[34][dead link]English
Inside Deep Throat2005This documentary includes the deep throat scene from the original Linda Lovelace motion picture Deep Throat. Approximately 30 seconds of the actual fellatio.[35]English
Shortbus2006Several actors in this American film, including Canadian TV personality, singer, and CBC national radio host Sook-Yin Lee,[36] perform real coitus and other sexual acts. Non-simulated sex acts include explicit masturbation by several characters, coitus, and heterosexual and homosexual fellatio.[28]English
Destricted2006Seven short films by artists and film-makers commissioned to "explore the fine line where art and pornography intersect", it "contains strong, real sex".[37][38]English
Antichrist2009This film by Lars von Trier features a scene of penetrative vaginal intercourse, and also includes graphically violent sexual imagery. Body doubles were used to make the film.[39]English

Pornographic films reedited as mainstream releases

Prior to the advent of home video, a number of hardcore pornography films were released to mainstream cinemas. In most cases, scenes of penetration were either cut out or replaced with alternate shots. One exception to this was Deep Throat, which was released uncensored.
Examples of this type of hybrid release include Alice in Wonderland (1976) shot as X-rated but first released as an R-rated version. Afterwards, the uncut version was released.[40] Café Flesh (1982) R-rated version of this science fiction porn film was released to mainstream cinemas.[41] Stocks and Blondes (1984) originally available as Wanda Whips Wall Street.,[42] and Droid (1988), originally released as Cabaret Sin in 1987.

References


  1. ^ Dirks, Tim. "History of Sex in Cinema: The Greatest and Most Influential Sexual Films and Scenes". Filmsite.org. American Movie Classic Company. http://www.filmsite.org/sexinfilms.html. Retrieved 4 December 2009.
  2. ^ a b Corliss, Richard (29 March 2005). "That Old Feeling: When Porno Was Chic". TIME. http://www.time.com/time/columnist/corliss/article/0,9565,1043267-1,00.html. Retrieved 4 December 2009.
  3. ^ Hohendal, Kristin (1 July 2001). "Film Goes All the Way (In the Name of Art)". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/01/movies/film-film-goes-all-the-way-in-the-name-of-art.html?pagewanted=1. Retrieved 29 November 2009.
  4. ^ Gerrard, Nicci (3 October 1999). "Coming soon to a cinema near you". The Observer (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/1999/oct/03/1. Retrieved 4 December 2009. ""Catherine Breillat's controversial French film, Romance, has just been given an 18 certificate by the British Board of Film Classification. It will be granted the respectability of mainstream cinemas round the country. It has been passed because it is 'philosophical', not pornographic. It is about sexual relationships, not an aid to sexual gratification.""
  5. ^ Jensen, Michael (November 2006). "LEGITIMIZING ILLEGITIMACY: IDENTITY SPACES AND MARKETS FOR ILLEGITIMATE PRODUCTS". Organizations & Markets Workshop (Chicago Booth). http://www.chicagobooth.edu/research/workshops/orgs-markets/docs/jensen-legitimacy.pdf.
  6. ^ "Explicit Euro-sex test for British censors". The Guardian (London). 22 February 1999. http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/1999/feb/22/news. Retrieved 4 December 2009.
  7. ^ Wilmington, Michael (27 August 2001). "Graphic Sex Scenes on Film Causing Little Fuss--for Now". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2001/aug/27/entertainment/ca-38822. Retrieved 4 December 2009.
  8. ^ Fuller, Graham (October 2001). "Shots in the Dark - sex in current French films". Interview. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1285/is_10_31/ai_78738634/. Retrieved 4 December 2009.[dead link]
  9. ^ Dalton, Stephen (7 October 2006). "Sealed with a Glasgow kiss". The Times (London). http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/london_film_festival/article651832.ece. Retrieved 10 January 2010.
  10. ^ Robertson, Patrick (1991). The Guinness Book of Movie Facts & Feats (4th ed.). Guinness. p. 62. ISBN 0-85112-908-0.
  11. ^ Van Peebles, Melvin. The Real Deal: What It Was...Is!. Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song DVD, Xenon Entertainment Group, 2003. ISBN 1-57829-750-8
  12. ^ Glenn Erickson (June 12, 2007). "WR: Mysteries of the Organism". DVD Savant. http://www.dvdtalk.com/dvdsavant/s2307wr.html.
  13. ^ "Pink Flamingos". http://www.movierapture.com/pinkflamingos.htm.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h Ebbe Villadsen: Danish Erotic Film Classics (2005)
  15. ^ Une vraie jeune fille (1976) - Plot keywords
  16. ^ Maass, Dave (28 February 2008). "Real Sex in Unreal Films: Penetrating movies that aren't pornos". Film.com. http://www.film.com/features/story/real-sex-in-unreal-films/18949830. Retrieved 28 November 2009.
  17. ^ Kehr, Dave (24 April 2009). "Nagisa Oshima’s Realm of Restraint and Precision". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/26/movies/homevideo/26kehr.html. Retrieved 28 November 2009.
  18. ^ Caligula: A Film Review by David Carter
  19. ^ Williams, p. 135
  20. ^ Simon, Alex (September 2007). "Crusing with Billy". Venice magazine: pp. 68–71. http://www.venicemag.com/pdf/0709/wFriedkin.pdf. Retrieved 2009-02-10.[dead link]
  21. ^ Cruising with Billy - Copy of article
  22. ^ Canby, Vincent (29 May 1987). "Devil in the Flesh (1986)". New York Times. http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9B0DE3DA143FF93AA15756C0A961948260. Retrieved 28 November 2009.
  23. ^ Hume, Christopher (13 August 1986). "Sex act offends censor festival film ordered cut". Toronto Star. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/access/475352111.html?dids=475352111:475352111&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Aug+13%2C+1986&author=Christopher+Hume+Toronto+Star&pub=Toronto+Star&desc=Sex+act+offends+censor+festival+film+ordered+cut&pqatl=google. Retrieved 29 November 2009.
  24. ^ Erickson, Steve (29 November 2000). "Mysteries of Love". Minneapolis City Pages. http://www.citypages.com/2000-11-29/movies/mysteries-of-love/. Retrieved 4 December 2009.
  25. ^ Lister, David (17 May 1998). "Actors had real sex for Cannes movie". The Independent (London). http://www.independent.co.uk/news/actors-had-real-sex-for-cannes-movie-1159521.html. Retrieved 28 November 2009.
  26. ^ Adair, Gilbert (28 September 1999). "Welcome to planet porn". Independent (London). http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/welcome-to-planet-porn-738876.html. Retrieved 29 November 2009.
  27. ^ "Guillaume Depardieu: French actor". The Times (London). 15 October 2008. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article4943968.ece. Retrieved 4 December 2009.
  28. ^ a b c d Tim Adams (2006-11-26). "Everybody's doing it...". The Guardian (London: Guardian News and Media Limited). http://film.guardian.co.uk/features/featurepages/0,,1957071,00.html.
  29. ^ Alexander Linklater (2001-06-22). "Dangerous liaisons". guardian.co.uk. http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2001/jun/22/features.features11. Retrieved 2010-09-26.
  30. ^ Maddox, Gary (16 June 2003). "Filmmaker defends the 'real' Ken Park". Sydney Morning Herald. http://www.smh.com.au/cgi-bin/common/popupPrintArticle.pl?path=/articles/2003/06/15/1055615675958.html. Retrieved 13 January 2010.[dead link]
  31. ^ Gilbey, Ryan (16 February 2008). "Chloë's world". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2008/feb/16/fashion. Retrieved 27 May 2010.
  32. ^ Maddox, Garry (8 July 2004). "Censors refuse to ban film depicting real sex". Sydney Morning Herald. http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/07/07/1089000230140.html. Retrieved 28 November 2009.
  33. ^ A Quick Chat With Bruce LaBruce - interview about the film
  34. ^ ""All About Anna": About The Film". Innocent Pictures. http://www.innocentpictures.com/content/index.php?id=57&la=en. Retrieved 28 December 2009.
  35. ^ http://www.reelviews.net/movies/i/inside_deep.html A Film Review by James Berardinelli
  36. ^ Brian D. Johnson (2006-06-02). "Sook-Yin Lee shocker in Cannes | Macleans.ca - Culture - Lifestyle". Macleans.ca. http://www.macleans.ca/culture/lifestyle/article.jsp?content=20060605_128191_128191. Retrieved 2012-03-13.
  37. ^ Reynolds, Nigel (6 July 2006). "Hard-core sex film to be premiered as art at Tate Modern". Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1523189/Hard-core-sex-film-to-be-premiered-as-art-at-Tate-Modern.html. Retrieved 4 December 2009.
  38. ^ "Destricted Art and Sex". Tate Modern. 9 September 2006. http://www.tate.org.uk/modern/eventseducation/talksdiscussions/6056.htm. Retrieved 4 December 2009.
  39. ^ "RT Interview: Lars von Trier on Antichrist". 22 July 2009. http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1210830-antichrist/news/1833302/rt_interview_lars_von_trier_on_antichrist/. Retrieved 21 July 2010.
  40. ^ Alice in Wonderland (1976/I)
  41. ^ Peary, Danny (1988). Cult Movies 3. New York: Simon & Schuster Inc.. pp. Pages 52–56. ISBN 0-671-64810-1.
  42. ^ What Blockbuster Didn't Bust Blockbuster's inconsistent ratings policy -- The video rental store cracks down on X and NC-17 rated films, but ignores racier unrated fare like Wild Orchid Ty Burr, Entertainment Weekly, 29 March 1991.

References and further reading

  • Villadsen, Ebbe (2005): Danish Erotic Film Classics.
  • Williams, Linda Ruth (2005): The Erotic Thriller in Contemporary Cinema. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-34713-0.

Sadism and masochism in fiction



 



Further information: Sadomasochism, BDSM, and BDSM in culture and media

Louis Malteste illustration on a Jean de Virgan book representing a flogging in Ancient Rome.
The role of sadism and masochism in fiction attracts serious, scholarly attention. Anthony Storr has commented that the volume of sadomasochist pornography shows that sadomasochistic interest is widespread in Western society;[1] John Kucich has noted the importance of masochism in late-19th century British colonial fiction.[2] This article presents appearances of sadomasochism in literature and works of fiction in the various media.[3][4][5]

Contents

[hide]

 Novels

Titles are sorted in chronological order.

Before 1800


Flagellation in Fanny Hill illustrated by Édouard-Henri Avril.
  • Aloisiae Sigaeae, Toletanae, Satyra sotadica de arcanis Amoris et Veneris (1660) by Nicolas Chorier, translated into English as A Dialogue between a Married Woman and a Maid in various editions.[6] depicts an older woman giving sexual instruction to a younger, recommending the spiritual and erotic benefits of a flogging.[7]
  • Fanny Hill (1749) by John Cleland – depicts mutual flagellation, between Fanny and an English client.[8] The understanding of flagellation is in transition from an aphrodisiac practice intended to improve sexual performance to a sexual activity in its own right.[9]

1800 to 1899

  • Revelries! and Devilries!! (1867), anonymous, published by William Dugdale. Said to be the collaboration of four Oxford scholars and an army officer.[23] The book is a linked collection of stories in which sadism is a theme.[24]
  • Personal Recollections of the Use of the Rod (1868) by "Margaret Anson", pseudonym of British author James Glass Bertram (John Camden Hotten: York, date given as 1857).[25][26] As is common in this genre, the author/narrator is given as female, and the perpetrators and victims are mainly women.[27] Reprinted by Blue Moon Books in 2000; also published as The Merry Order of St. Bridget. Translated in French as Une société de flagellantes. Réminiscences et révélations d'une soubrette de grande maison (1901) by Jean de Villiot, illustrated by Martin van Maële.
  • Flagellation & the Flagellants: A History of the Rod (1868) by "Rev. William Cooper", again James Glass Bertram,[26] a best-seller for Hotten.[28][29]
  • Venus in Furs (1870) by Leopold von Sacher-Masoch – Autobiographical novel wherein the protagonist encourages his mistress to enslave and mistreat him. Many of Sacher-Masoch's other works contain themes of sadomasochism and female dominance of the male. The term 'Masochism' derives from von Sacher-Masoch's name.
  • Miss Coote's Confession (1879–1880), an epistolary serial novella also supposedly by Rosa Coote in The Pearl, a pornographic magazine published by William Lazenby, deals with flagellation at home and at school.[43][44][45]
At Mokroe I was talking to an old man, and he told me: 'There's nothing we like so much as sentencing girls to be thrashed, and we always give the lads the job of thrashing them. And the girl he has thrashed to-day, the young man will ask in marriage to-morrow. So it quite suits the girls, too,' he said. There's a set of de Sades for you! But it's clever, anyway.[46]
  • The Whippingham Papers (1888) with poetry ascribed to Algernon Charles Swinburne, edited by St. George H. Stock, a probable pseudonym, also credited with The Romance of Chastisement (1866). A collection of Victorian stories and verse about erotic flagellation.[47]
  • The Yellow Room (1891) by anonymous (generally attributed to "M. Le Comte Du Bouleau", aka Stanislas Matthew de Rhodes).[48] – Novella about an eighteen-year-old girl educated and disciplined by her stern aunt and uncle.[49] Reprinted along with the novella Letters to a Lady Friend, in Whipped into Shape: Two Classic Erotic Novellas by Renaissance E Books Inc. (2004).
  • Gynecocracy: A Narrative of the Adventures and Psychological Experiences of Julian Robinson, by "Viscount Ladywood" [pseud.] (1893),[50][51][52] the author recounts his punishment as a boy at the hands of the governness to whom he is sent, along with three female cousins, after having taken indecent liberties with a household maid. Forced to wear girls' clothing as his ordinary attire, Julian, now Julia, is subjected to frequent flagellations, as are his cousins, one of whom he later marries, submitting to her dominance through continued forced feminization and crossdressing.
  • The Confessions of Georgina (1893) by Julian Robinson (aka Le Compte Du Bouleau, Stanislas Matthew de Rhodès) – a tale of bondage and domination that satirizes the hypocrisy of Victorian morality. Author of The Petticoat Dominant, or Woman's Revenge – The Autobiography of a Young Nobleman (1898), an early classic of male-submissive pinafore eroticism.
  • Tales of Fun and Flagellation (1896) by Lady Gay Spanker [pseud.].[66] A diverse collection of anecdotes and stories.[67]

Dolly Morton Illustration
  • The Memoirs of Dolly Morton: The Story of A Woman's Part in the Struggle to Free the Slaves, An Account of the Whippings, Rapes, and Violences that Preceded the Civil War in America, with Curious Anthropological Observations on the Radical Diversities in the Conformation of the Female Bottom and the Way Different Women Endure Chastisement (1899) under the pseudonym Jean de Villiot, probably Hugues Rebell[68] or Charles Carrington. Edited and published in London and Paris by Charles Carrington.[69] Another edition was published in Philadelphia in 1904.[70]
  • Lashed into Lust: The Caprice of a Flagellator (1899)[71] by Anonymous. – French novel reprinted in 1908 with "James Lovebirch" as author. Reprinted in 2000 by Blue Moon Books (New York).

1900 to 1999

  • "Frank" and I (1902) by Anonymous. Originally published in three volumes in England. Edwardian novel of flagellation pornography. A wealthy young man, who is "a lover of the rod", takes in "Frank", a teenage girl disguised as a boy. A 1983 film was released under alternative titles Frank and I and Lady Libertine.
  • Maud Cameron and her Guardian (1903) by Charles Sackville, privately printed for subscribers only (Golden Birch House: London). Author of numerous flagellation novels published in London and Paris including: Two Lascivious Adventures of Mr. Howard – A continuation of Maud Cameron and her Guardian (1907), The Amazing Chastisements of Miss Bostock (1908), Three Chapters in the Life of Mr. Howard (1908), Whipping as a Fine Art – Being an Account of Exquisite and Refined Chastisement Inflicted by Mr. Howard on Grown-up Schoolgirls (1909), et al.
  • Woman and Her Master (1904) by Jean de Villiot, pseudonym of Georges Grassal – a novel of flagellation erotica translated into English by Charles Carrington from the original 1902 French edition, La Femme et son maître.[72]
  • Birch in the Boudoir (1905) by anonymous (attributed to Hugues Rebell, real name Georges Grassal), translated and published in Paris by Charles Carrington. Reprinted in 1989 by Blue Moon Books as Beauty in the Birch. - An exchange of racy letters about the amatory and disciplinary experiences of a new master of an English school for wayward girls and a woman living in an Arabian harem.
  • The Mistress and The Slave (1905) by George Merder – a study of female domination and sadomasochism as an upper-class businessman is enslaved and brutalized by a Parisian street-girl. Translated from the original French edition, La Maitresse et l'Esclave (Maison Mystere, ca. 1903).
  • La Flagellation Passionnelle (1906) by Don Brennus Aléra, pseudonym of Roland Brévannes. Between 1903 and 1936 he wrote and illustrated around 100 historical and contemporary novels about flagellation and crossdressing petticoat punishment.
  • The Beautiful Flagellants of New York (1907) by Lord Drialys (The Society of British Bibliophiles [Charles Carrington]: Paris) – follows an intrepid traveller's adventures from Chicago to Boston to New York. Originally published in three volumes, one for each city.[75] Reprinted by Olympia Press as The Beautiful Flagellants of Chicago, Boston and New York.
  • Nos Belles flagellantes (1907) by Aimé Van Rod (Édition Parisienne: Paris). French author of dozens of flagellation novels including: Nouveax Contes de Fouet (1907), The Conjugal Whip (Le fouet conjugal) (1908), Le Fouet dominateur ou L'École des vierges, Les Mystéres du Fouet (both 1909), The Humiliations of Miss Madge (1912), Les Malheurs de Colette (1914), Visites fantastiques au pays du fouet (1922), Le Precepteur (1923), Memories d'une Fouettee (1924), et al.
  • The Way of a Man with a Maid (ca. 1908) by Anonymous. First published in France, exact date and author unknown. Three-volume Edwardian novel of abduction, sex and sadism. Often reprinted as a single volume under the shorter title A Man with a Maid. Adapted to film in 1975 called What the Swedish Butler Saw.
  • La Comtesse au fouet (1908), by Pierre Dumarchey (Pierre Mac Orlan)[76] – the story of a cruel dominatrix who turns the male hero into a "dog-man". Under the pen-name Miss Sadie Blackeyes, he wrote popular flagellation novels such as Baby douce fille (1910), Miss: The memoirs of a young lady of quality containing recollections of boarding school discipline and intimate details of her chastisement (1912), and Petite Dactylo et autres textes de flagellation (1913). And as "anonymous" wrote Masochists in America (Le Masochisme en Amérique: Recueil des récits et impressions personnelles d'une victime du féminisme) (1905).
  • Éducation Anglaise (1908) by Lord Kidrodstock (Édition Parisienne: Paris) – early and unusual text featuring forced cross-dressing and flagellation. Boys and girls in an English boarding school are dressed alike in girls' clothes. They receive training by means of the discipline of tight corsets, narrow high-heeled boots, etc., reinforced by frequent application of the whip or the birch. Illustrated with ten drawings by Del Giglio.
  • Coups de Fouet (1908) by Lord Birchisgood [pseud.] (Édition Parisienne, Roberts & Dardailons Éditeurs: Paris).[77] Author of Le Tour d'Europe d'un flagellant (1909),[78] et al.
  • Les Cinq fessées de Suzette (Five Smackings of Suzette) (1910) by James Lovebirch [pseud.], published in Paris. Author of many popular flagellation novels such as L'Avatar de Lucette (The Misadventures of Lucette), Peggy Briggs, Au Bon Vieux Temps (all from 1913), and The Flagellations of Suzette (1915), Paris: Library Aristique.[79]
  • Qui Aime Bien (1912) by Jacques d'Icy, pseudonym of author and artist Louis Malteste[80] (Jean Fort: Paris), illustrated by Malteste. Writer of many books of spanking/whipping erotica such as: Chatie Bien (1913), Monsieur Paulette et Ses Epouses (1921), Paulette Trahie (1922), Brassée de faits (1925), Les Mains Chéries (1927), et al.
  • Le règne de la cravache et de la bottine (The Reign of the Riding Crop and the Boot) (1913) by Roland Brévannes, pseudonym of Bernard Valonnes (Select Bibliothèque: Paris) - humiliating animal roleplay, female-dominated men are forced to crawl about in bear suits. A theme explored in several of his books; in Les Esclaves-montures (Slave Mountings) (1920) and Le Club des Monteurs Humaines (1924), men are turned into obedient cart ponies.
  • Fred: The True History of a Boy Raised as a Girl (1913) by Don Brennus Alera, pseudonym of Roland Brévannes – classic story of humiliating petticoat punishment (Pinafore eroticism). Followed by the sequels Frederique (1921), Frida (1924), Fridoline (1926), and Lina Frido (1927).
  • Récits Piquants, chaudes aventures: scènes de féminisme. (1914) by Gilbert Natès, illustrated by G. Topfer. French compilation of various episodes of whipping. The punishers are all women, the victims boys and girls, young men and women. In several cases the male victims are forced to wear female clothing.
  • Two Flappers in Paris (1920) by "A. Cantab" [pseud.] - two young women visitjing Paris are lured into a flagellatory brothel.[82]
  • Esclaves Modernes (Modern Slaves) (1922) by Jean de Virgans, illustrated by Gaston Smit – unusual tale of power exchange (BDSM) with white European women whipped and abused by African natives. Virgans also wrote Flagellees in 1909.
  • Le Dressage de la Maid-Esclave (1930) by Bernard Valonnes, pseudonym of Roland Brévannes (Select Bibliothèque: Paris) - two-volume story of women trained as cart-pulling ponygirl slaves.
  • The Discipline of Odette (1930) by Jean Martinet [pseud.] (Éditions Prima); English translation of the French whipping/spanking novel Matée par le fouet.
  • Bagne de femmes (Jail for Girls) (1931) by Alan Mac Clyde [pseud.], Librairie Générale: Paris. One of the earliest of dozens of sadomasochistic novels by this unknown author. Followed by Dressage (1931), La Cité de l'horreur (1933), Servitude (1934), Dolly, Esclave (1936), et al.
  • Dresseuses d'hommes (1931) by Florence Fulbert (Jean Fort: Paris), illustrated by Jim Black [Luc Lafnet].[83] Story of men dominated and punished by women.
  • Sous la tutelle (Under Supervision) (1932) by René-Michel Desergy (Jean Fort: Paris), illustrated by Luc Lafnet – story of spanking, whipping and enema punishment. Author of numerous spanking and flagellation novels such as Trente Ans (1928), Severe Education (1931), Diana Gantee (1932), and Chambrieres De Haute Ecole (1934).
  • Memoirs of a Dominatrice (1933) by Jean Claqueret (Jean Fort: Paris). French author of many whipping/spanking novels: Clotilde et Quelques Autres (1935), Humiliations chéries (1936), Pantalons sans défense (1938), et al.
  • La Volupté du Fouet (The Pleasure of the Whip) (1938) by Armand du Loup, illustrated by famous French artist Etienne Le Rallic under the alias R. Fanny.
  • Story of O (1954) by Pauline Réage – To prove her love, the protagonist submits to being kept in a château and abused by a group of men, one her official lover. Later, she resumes her normal life, while secretly becoming the property of a friend of her lover's.[84] It was made into a film in 1975.
  • The Whip Angels (1955) by XXX or Selena Warfield, pseudonyms of Diane Bataille, second wife of French writer Georges Bataille (The Olympia Press: Paris)[85] – a pastiche of a Victorian erotic novel.
  • The Passionate Lash or The Revenge of Sir Hilary Garner (c. 1957) by Alan McClyde [pseud.] (Pall Mall Press: Paris) – Alan Mac Clyde was a popular house name used for erotic books from the 1920s to the 1970s.
  • The Ordeal of the Rod (1958) by Bernard R. Burns [pseud]. (Ophelia Press: Paris).[86]
  • Gordon (1966) by Edith Templeton – once-banned novel about a woman in postwar London who falls into an intense submissive relationship with a psychiatrist.
  • The Master Spanker (1966) by Edward Landon (Unique Books), Venus In Bondage (1969) by Lurene Jones (N. P. Inc.), and Margo Lee: Diary of a Teenage Sado-Masochist (1969) by Red Young (Classic Publications: Los Angeles) are representative examples of the hundreds of S&M pulp novels produced in the U.S. in the 1960s by Corinth Publications, Taurus Press, Black Cat Books, Gargoyle Press, et al.
  • Tarnsman of Gor (1967) by John Norman – first in a series of 27 erotic science fiction novels set on the planet Gor. The novels describe an elaborate culture of sexual master/slave relationships which have spawned a BDSM lifestyle subculture of followers who call themselves Goreans.
  • Je... Ils... (1969) by Arthur Adamov – With stories like Fin Août. About Masochism, regarded as an "immunisation against death", but does not aim at erotic arousal.
  • The Marquesa de Sade: Erotic Mistress of Exquisite Evil (1970) by Joseph LeBaron [pseud.] (Hanover House: North Hollywood) – adapted from the film produced by Jaybird Enterprises.
  • Memoirs of a Slave (1976) by Rene Michel Desergy (Janus Publications: London) – a typical example of the many books and magazines fetish publisher Janus produced in the 1970s.
  • The Correct Sadist (1983) by Terence Sellers (Grove Press: New York) – reverses the dominant-submissive roles of The Story of O to create a post-feminist American myth about power.[89][90]

21st century

  • Diane Whiteside's The Switch (2006) is an erotic romance in which a hyper masculine male finds strength in submission to an alpha female and together they explore power exchange and light S/M.[94][95]
  • Fifty Shades of Grey (2011) by E. L. James, a best-selling trilogy of novels followed by the sequels Fifty Shades Darker (2011), and Fifty Shades Freed (2012). There is also an upcoming film in development from Universal Studios.
  • The Fixer (2011), a series of short works; The Third Secret, a story of blackmail and master-slave love; and A Breed Apart (2011), a story of a woman trying to save her marriage and finding she needs to be a slave, all by Mitchell Joyce.[citation needed]
  • Never the Face[96] (2011) by Ariel Sands, an account of a dominant-submissive relationship that descends into abuse between a man, David, and a woman named only as "Kitten" or "Bitch".[97]
  • THE SIREN (MIRA Books 2012) by Tiffany Reisz is the first in a series of BDSM novels (The Original Sinners series) featuring a quirky and beautiful Dominatrix, her various lovers (including a Catholic priest), and her wealthy and powerful clients.

Mainstream films

Consensual BDSM is not generally depicted accurately or sympathetically in mainstream films, to say the least; however, film-makers often find some way to incorporate BDSM imagery into many films. The following films feature BDSM as a major plot point, not just as an exploitative add-on.[99]
Art movies:
Comedy:
Thrillers:

Television


  • Full Exposure: The Sex Tapes Scandal (1989), made-for-TV film. Police investigate underground S&M clubs looking for a serial killer. Vanessa Williams plays a hooker/dominatrix who videotapes her clients.
  • Mercy (film) (2000) HBO cable-television movie starring Ellen Barkin and Peta Wilson. Murder mystery leads to a secret S&M society.
  • Jack of All Trades is a comedy-adventure series set in the 19th century starring Bruce Campbell. In the episode "X Marquis the Spot" (2000), Jack visits the island resort of the Marquis de Sade and competes in an S&M-themed obstacle course race that parodies Survivor.
  • Doc Martin, British television comedy-drama series starring Martin Clunes. In the episode "Old Dogs" (2005), the title character is consulted by a man who seems to have a habit of inexplicably injuring himself; it is later revealed that the man and his wife engage in BDSM, with the husband as the submissive.
  • Secret Diary of a Call Girl (2007); in the fourth episode, "Belle" (Billie Piper) takes BDSM lessons from a professional dominatrix as a favor for her accountant who is a closet submissive.
  • Dollhouse (2009); the beginning of the 9th episode shows Echo (Eliza Dushku), returning from an assignment as a leather-clad whip-wielding dominatrix.
  • On the Alias (2003) 2nd season episode "Second Double", Agent Bristow (Jennifer Garner) goes undercover as a German dominatrix in a Berlin leather bar.
  • The FOX series The Inside episode "Old Wounds" dealt exclusively with S&M, and was criticized by the Parents Television Council as a result.[101]
  • The television series CSI: Crime Scene Investigation has featured Melinda Clarke as professional dominatrix Lady Heather in six episodes, most notably in the 90-minute special episode "Lady Heather's Box".[102]
  • Season 4 of HBO series Six Feet Under features a character (Joe) who wants to adopt a submissive sexual role in his relationship with Brenda.[citation needed]
  • A Family Guy gag (from the episode "Let's Go to the Hop") depicts main characters Lois and Peter suiting up for a sadomasochistic session while having a mundane conversation about how wholesome their children are, and why they can be trusted. Toys have been made of this scene.[103] In the audio commentary for that episode it is noted that such a practice seemed normal to them.
  • Season 1 of the FOX medical drama House, episode "Love Hurts" a patient is deeply involved in a BDSM relationship.
  • Rex Van de Kamp of Desperate Housewives was unveiled as a lover of S&M, much to the disgust of his wife, Bree.[104] In Come Back to Me, Sharon Lawrence plays Maisy Gibbons, a dominatrix who walks across Rex's back in stiletto heels.
  • Season 2 of NBC's Friday night drama Homicide: Life on the Street, in the episode "A Many Splendored Thing".[105] Detectives Bayliss and Pembleton investigate a murder in the S&M club scene. Bayliss expresses his disgust at the 'perversion', but the episode ends with his return to a leather shop, where he purchases a studded and belted leather jacket. This episode is the beginning of the character's sexual awakening, as he becomes comfortable with his bisexual feelings.
  • ER – a professional dominatrix with broken fingers and her male slave, who was injured in a fall during a bondage/suspension session, are admitted to the emergency room.
  • Private Practice – in the 2nd season, cast member KaDee Strickland is seen roleplaying as a German dominatrix with a latex outfit, studded collar, and a whip.
  • Season 5 of FX's Nip/Tuck has Sean crossing paths with a Hollywood agent (Craig Bierko) with horrific wounds on his chest and the dominatrix (Tia Carrere) who inflicted them on him in the episode "Carly Summers".
  • Rescue Me (2009) – In "Initiation" (Season 5, episode 15), Callie Thorne's character seduces Tommy (Denis Leary) dressed as a cheerleader, Playboy bunny and latex-clad dominatrix. They are briefly seen paddling each other in a fast-motion sequence.
  • HBO's series, The Sopranos, features multiple characters who engage in sadomasochism.
Carmela: In a year, tops, you're gonna have to accept a comare.
  • CSY (NY) Season 1/ep 16
  • Allo Allo Season 1/ep 2;Season 3/ep 5
Janice: Oh, yeah? Well I'd like to see a comare who's gonna let him hold a gun to their head when they fuck. Carmela: You let him hold a gun to your head during sex? Janice: Yeah. Well, if that gets him off, I mean, it's not any different than garter belts and nurse's uniforms. Carmela: Well, it's a gun, Janice. I thought you were a feminist. Janice: Usually, he takes the clip out.
  • In the anime and manga Gin Tama, characters Sogo Okita and Sarutobi Ayame often practice sadism and masochism respectively.

Drama

Poetry

Music

Opera

References

 Footnotes

  1. ^ Storr, Anthony (1991). Human destructiveness: the roots of genocide and human cruelty. Routledge. p. 87. ISBN 0-415-07170-4.
  2. ^ Imperial Masochism: British Fiction, Fantasy, and Social Class by John Kucich (Princeton University Press, 2006)
  3. ^ An esthetics of masochism? The author wonders if the curators of an Austrian exhibition on masochism in art erred in taking an overly literal approach to their subject From Art in America (4/1/2004) by Barry Schwabsky
  4. ^ Barbara Steele's Ephemeral Skin: Feminism, Fetishism and Film by Lecturer Patricia MacCormack of Anglia Polytechnic University, Cambridge
  5. ^ Sadism, Masochism, Food and Television
  6. ^ Patrick J. Kearney (1982) pp.34-46
  7. ^ Muchembled, Robert (2008). Orgasm and the West: a history of pleasure from the 16th century to the present. Polity. p. 77. ISBN 0-7456-3876-7.
  8. ^ Storr, Anthony (1991). Human destructiveness: the roots of genocide and human cruelty. Routledge. p. 88. ISBN 0-415-07170-4.
  9. ^ Henderson, Andrea K. (2008). Romanticism and the painful pleasures of modern life. Cambridge studies in Romanticism. 75. Cambridge University Press. p. 15. ISBN 0-521-88402-0.
  10. ^ Largier, Niklaus; Harman, Graham (2007). In praise of the whip: a cultural history of arousal. Zone Books. p. 339. ISBN 1-890951-65-X.
  11. ^ Thomas (1969) p.278
  12. ^ (Wood 1995, p. 1, "Derivations and Definitions".) "The term sadism derives from the Marquis de Sade (1740-1814), a French nobleman imprisoned for his libertinism, and for writing fantastic novels, such as Justine [1797] and Juliette [1797] that equated sexual pleasure with the inflicting of pain, humiliation, and cruelty".
  13. ^ Bloch, Iwan (2002). Marquis de Sade: His Life and Works. The Minerva Group. pp. 249–250. ISBN 1-58963-567-1.
  14. ^ Young, Paul J. (2008). Seducing the eighteenth-century French reader: reading, writing, and the question of pleasure. Ashgate Publishing. p. 124. ISBN 0-7546-6417-1.
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  40. ^ a b Weinberg, Thomas S.; Kamel, G. W. Levi (1983). SandM, studies in sadomasochism. New concepts in human sexuality. Prometheus Books. p. 139. ISBN 0-87975-218-1.
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  44. ^ Saville, Julia F. (2000). A queer chivalry: the homoerotic asceticism of Gerard Manley Hopkins. Victorian literature and culture. University of Virginia Press. pp. 153–154. ISBN 0-8139-1940-1.
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  49. ^ Lansbury, Coral (1985). The old brown dog: women, workers, and vivisection in Edwardian England. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 105. ISBN 0-299-10250-5.
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  51. ^ Richard Ekins, "Blending genders: social aspects of cross-dressing and sex-changing", Routledge, 1996, ISBN 0-415-11551-5, appendix 1
  52. ^ Gynecocracy retrieved 2007-04-30
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Bibliography

  • Wood, Robert (1995). Sadomasochistic Literature. glbtq.com. New England Publishing Associates. http://www.glbtq.com/literature/sadom_lit.html. Retrieved 2007-12-14
  • Ashbee, Henry Spencer (1877). Index Librorum Prohibitorum: being Notes Bio- Biblio- Icono- graphical and Critical, on Curious and Uncommon Books. London: privately printed.
  • Bloch, Iwan (1938). Sexual life in England, past and present. F. Aldor.
  • Patrick J. Kearney, "The Private Case: an annotated bibliography of the Private Case Erotica Collection in the British (Museum) Library", J. Landesman, 1981
  • Kearney, Patrick J. (1982). A history of erotic literature. Parragon. ISBN 1-85813-198-7.
  • Mendes, Peter (1993), Clandestine Erotic Fiction in English, 1800-1930: A Bibliographical Study, Aldershot, Hants, England: Scolar Press; ISBN 0-85967-919-5
  • Savran, David (1998). Taking it like a man: white masculinity, masochism, and contemporary American culture. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-05876-8.
  • Thomas, Donald Serrell (1969). A long time burning: the history of literary censorship in England. Routledge & Kegan Paul.

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